Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing for Diagnosis of Single Locus Genetic Diseases in Critically Ill Children
Owen MJ, Batalov S, Ellsworth KA, Wright M, Breeding S, Hugh K, Kingsmore SF, Ding Y.
Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2621:217-239. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2950-5_12.
ABSTRACT
Upon admission to intensive care units (ICU), the differential diagnosis of almost all infants with diseases of unclear etiology includes single locus genetic diseases. Rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS), including sample preparation, short-read sequencing-by-synthesis, informatics pipelining, and semiautomated interpretation, can now identify nucleotide and structural variants associated with most genetic diseases with robust analytic and diagnostic performance in as little as 13.5 h. Early diagnosis of genetic diseases transforms medical and surgical management of infants in ICUs, minimizing both the duration of empiric treatment and the delay to start of specific treatment. Both positive and negative rWGS tests have clinical utility and can improve outcomes. Since first described 10 years ago, rWGS has evolved considerably. Here we describe our current methods for routine diagnostic testing for genetic diseases by rWGS in as little as 18 h.
PMID:
37041447 DOI:
10.1007/978-1-0716-2950-5_12
April 12, 2023
RPM for NICU and PICUrWGS
Automated prioritization of sick newborns for whole genome sequencing using clinical natural language processing and machine learning
Peterson B, Hernandez EJ, Hobbs C, Malone Jenkins S, Moore B, Rosales E, Zoucha S, Sanford E, Bainbridge MN, Frise E, Oriol A, Brunelli L, Kingsmore SF, Yandell M.
Genome Med. 2023 Mar 16;15(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01166-7.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rapidly and efficiently identifying critically ill infants for whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a costly and challenging task currently performed by scarce, highly trained experts and is a major bottleneck for application of WGS in the NICU. There is a dire need for automated means to prioritize patients for WGS.
METHODS: Institutional databases of electronic health records (EHRs) are logical starting points for identifying patients with undiagnosed Mendelian diseases. We have developed automated means to prioritize patients for rapid and whole genome sequencing (rWGS and WGS) directly from clinical notes. Our approach combines a clinical natural language processing (CNLP) workflow with a machine learning-based prioritization tool named Mendelian Phenotype Search Engine (MPSE).
RESULTS: MPSE accurately and robustly identified NICU patients selected for WGS by clinical experts from Rady Children’s Hospital in San Diego (AUC 0.86) and the University of Utah (AUC 0.85). In addition to effectively identifying patients for WGS, MPSE scores also strongly prioritize diagnostic cases over non-diagnostic cases, with projected diagnostic yields exceeding 50% throughout the first and second quartiles of score-ranked patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that an automated pipeline for selecting acutely ill infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for WGS can meet or exceed diagnostic yields obtained through current selection procedures, which require time-consuming manual review of clinical notes and histories by specialized personnel.
PMID:
36927505 DOI:
10.1186/s13073-023-01166-7
March 16, 2023
RPM for NICU and PICUrWGS
Genomic sequencing has a high diagnostic yield in children with congenital anomalies of the heart and urinary system
Allred ET, Perens EA, Coufal NG, Sanford Kobayashi E, Kingsmore SF, Dimmock DP.
Front Pediatr. 2023 Mar 14;11:1157630. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1157630. eCollection 2023.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Congenital heart defects (CHD) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) account for significant morbidity and mortality in childhood. Dozens of monogenic causes of anomalies in each organ system have been identified. However, even though 30% of CHD patients also have a CAKUT and both organs arise from the lateral mesoderm, there is sparse overlap of the genes implicated in the congenital anomalies for these organ systems. We sought to determine whether patients with both CAKUT and CHD have a monogenic etiology, with the long-term goal of guiding future diagnostic work up and improving outcomes.
METHODS: Retrospective review of electronic medical records (EMR), identifying patients admitted to Rady Children’s Hospital between January 2015 and July 2020 with both CAKUT and CHD who underwent either whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS). Data collected included demographics, presenting phenotype, genetic results, and mother’s pregnancy history. WGS data was reanalyzed with a specific focus on the CAKUT and CHD phenotype. Genetic results were reviewed to identify causative, candidate, and novel genes for the CAKUT and CHD phenotype. Associated additional structural malformations were identified and categorized.
RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were identified. Eight patients had causative variants for the CAKUT/CHD phenotype, three patients had candidate variants, and three patients had potential novel variants. Five patients had variants in genes not associated with the CAKUT/CHD phenotype, and 13 patients had no variant identified. Of these, eight patients were identified as having possible alternative causes for their CHD/CAKUT phenotype. Eighty-eight percent of all CAKUT/CHD patients had at least one additional organ system with a structural malformation.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our study demonstrated a high rate of monogenic etiologies in hospitalized patients with both CHD and CAKUT, with a diagnostic rate of 44%. Thus, physicians should have a high suspicion for genetic disease in this population. Together, these data provide valuable information on how to approach acutely ill patients with CAKUT and CHD, including guiding diagnostic work up for associated phenotypes, as well as novel insights into the genetics of CAKUT and CHD overlap syndromes in hospitalized children.
PMID:
36999085 DOI:
10.3389/fped.2023.1157630
March 14, 2023
RPM for NICU and PICU
Scalable, high quality, whole genome sequencing from archived, newborn, dried blood spots
Ding Y, Owen M, Le J, Batalov S, Chau K, Kwon YH, Van Der Kraan L, Bezares-Orin Z, Zhu Z, Veeraraghavan N, Nahas S, Bainbridge M, Gleeson J, Baer RJ, Bandoli G, Chambers C, Kingsmore SF.
NPJ Genom Med. 2023 Feb 14;8(1):5. doi: 10.1038/s41525-023-00349-w.
ABSTRACT
Universal newborn screening (NBS) is a highly successful public health intervention. Archived dried bloodspots (DBS) collected for NBS represent a rich resource for population genomic studies. To fully harness this resource in such studies, DBS must yield high-quality genomic DNA (gDNA) for whole genome sequencing (WGS). In this pilot study, we hypothesized that gDNA of sufficient quality and quantity for WGS could be extracted from archived DBS up to 20 years old without PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification. We describe simple methods for gDNA extraction and WGS library preparation from several types of DBS. We tested these methods in DBS from 25 individuals who had previously undergone diagnostic, clinical WGS and 29 randomly selected DBS cards collected for NBS from the California State Biobank. While gDNA from DBS had significantly less yield than from EDTA blood from the same individuals, it was of sufficient quality and quantity for WGS without PCR. All samples DBS yielded WGS that met quality control metrics for high-confidence variant calling. Twenty-eight variants of various types that had been reported clinically in 19 samples were recapitulated in WGS from DBS. There were no significant effects of age or paper type on WGS quality. Archived DBS appear to be a suitable sample type for WGS in population genomic studies.
PMID:
36788231 DOI:
10.1038/s41525-023-00349-w
February 14, 2023
Newborn ScreeningRPM for NICU and PICUrWGS
25: A Multicenter Cohort Analysis of Rapid Genome Sequencing in the PICU
Rodriguez, Katherine; Kobayashi, Erica Sanford; VanDongen-Trimmer, Heather; Salz, Lisa; Foley, Jennifer; Whalen, Drewann; Oluchukwu, Okonkwo; Liu, Kuang Chuen; Burton, Jennifer; Syngal, Prachi; Kingsmore, Stephen; Coufal, Nicole.
Critical Care Medicine 51(1):p 13, January 2023.
Genetic disorders contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in pediatric critical care. Diagnostic rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) has dramatically impacted care in neonatal intensive care units (ICU). There remains a population of undiagnosed patients with rare genetic diseases who present critically ill to the pediatric ICU (PICU) and the application of rWGS in this setting is not yet fully described. This study evaluated the clinical utility of rWGS in the PICU.
DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000905976.97417.e4
January 31, 2023
RPM for NICU and PICUrWGS
Insights into the perinatal phenotype of Kabuki syndrome in infants identified by genome-wide sequencing
Wigby K, Hammer M, Tokita M, Patel P, Jones MC, Larson A, Bartolomei FV, Dykzeul N, Slavotinek A, Yip T, Bandres-Ciga S, Simpson BN, Suhrie K, Shankar S, Veith R, Bragg J, Powell C, Kingsmore SF, Dimmock D, Maron J, Davis J, Del Campo M.
Am J Med Genet A. 2023 Jan 18. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63097. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Increasing use of unbiased genomic sequencing in critically ill infants can expand understanding of rare diseases such as Kabuki syndrome (KS). Infants diagnosed with KS through genome-wide sequencing performed during the initial hospitalization underwent retrospective review of medical records. Human phenotype ontology terms used in genomic analysis were aggregated and analyzed. Clinicians were surveyed regarding changes in management and other care changes. Fifteen infants met inclusion criteria. KS was not suspected prior to genomic sequencing. Variants were classified as Pathogenic (n = 10) or Likely Pathogenic (n = 5) by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Guidelines. Fourteen variants were de novo (KMT2D, n = 12, KDM6A, n = 2). One infant inherited a likely pathogenic variant in KMT2D from an affected father. Frequent findings involved cardiovascular (14/15) and renal (7/15) systems, with palatal defects also identified (6/15). Three infants had non-immune hydrops. No minor anomalies were universally documented; ear anomalies, micrognathia, redundant nuchal skin, and hypoplastic nails were common. Changes in management were reported in 14 infants. Early use of unbiased genome-wide sequencing enabled a molecular diagnosis prior to clinical recognition including infants with atypical or rarely reported features of KS while also expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this rare disorder.
PMID:
36651673 DOI:
10.1002/ajmg.a.63097
January 18, 2023
Rare DiseaseRPM for NICU and PICU
Breaking Barriers to Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing in Pediatrics: Michigan’s Project Baby Deer
Bupp CP, Ames EG, Arenchild MK, Caylor S, Dimmock DP, Fakhoury JD, Karna P, Lehman A, Meghea CI, Misra V, Nolan DA, O’Shea J, Sharangpani A, Franck LS, Scheurer-Monaghan A.
Children. 2023; 10(1):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010106
ABSTRACT
The integration of precision medicine in the care of hospitalized children is ever evolving. However, access to new genomic diagnostics such as rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) is hindered by barriers in implementation. Michigan’s Project Baby Deer (PBD) is a multi-center collaborative effort that sought to break down barriers to access by offering rWGS to critically ill neonatal and pediatric inpatients in Michigan. The clinical champion team used a standardized approach with inclusion and exclusion criteria, shared learning, and quality improvement evaluation of the project’s impact on the clinical outcomes and economics of inpatient rWGS. Hospitals, including those without on-site geneticists or genetic counselors, noted positive clinical impacts, accelerating time to definitive treatment for project patients. Between 95–214 hospital days were avoided, net savings of $4155 per patient, and family experience of care was improved. The project spurred policy advancement when Michigan became the first state in the United States to have a Medicaid policy with carve-out payment to hospitals for rWGS testing. This state project demonstrates how front-line clinician champions can directly improve access to new technology for pediatric patients and serves as a roadmap for expanding clinical implementation of evidence-based precision medicine technologies.
January 4, 2023
RPM for NICU and PICUrWGS
Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing in Critically Ill Neonates Enables Precision Medicine Pipeline
Beaman M, Fisher K, McDonald M, Tan QKG, Jackson D, Cocanougher BT, Landstrom AP, Hobbs CA, Cotten M, Cohen JL.
J Pers Med. 2022 Nov 18;12(11):1924. doi: 10.3390/jpm12111924.
ABSTRACT
Rapid genome sequencing in critically ill infants is increasingly identified as a crucial test for providing targeted and informed patient care. We report the outcomes of a pilot study wherein eight critically ill neonates received rapid whole genome sequencing with parental samples in an effort to establish a prompt diagnosis. Our pilot study resulted in a 37.5% diagnostic rate by whole genome sequencing alone and an overall 50% diagnostic rate for the cohort. We describe how the diagnoses led to identification of additional affected relatives and a change in management, the limitations of rapid genome sequencing, and some of the challenges with sample collection. Alongside this pilot study, our site simultaneously established a research protocol pipeline that will allow us to conduct research-based genomic testing in the cases for which a diagnosis was not reached by rapid genome sequencing or other available clinical testing. Here we describe the benefits, limitations, challenges, and potential for rapid whole genome sequencing to be incorporated into routine clinical evaluation in the neonatal period.
PMID:
36422100 DOI:
10.3390/jpm12111924
November 18, 2022
RPM for NICU and PICUrWGS
An automated 13.5 hour system for scalable diagnosis and acute management guidance for genetic diseases
Mallory J. Owen, Sebastien Lefebvre, Christian Hansen, Chris M. Kunard, David P. Dimmock, Laurie D. Smith, Gunter Scharer, Rebecca Mardach, Mary J. Willis, Annette Feigenbaum, Anna-Kaisa Niemi, Yan Ding, Luca Van Der Kraan, Katarzyna Ellsworth, Lucia Guidugli, Bryan R. Lajoie, Timothy K. McPhail, Shyamal S. Mehtalia, Kevin K. Chau, Yong H. Kwon, Zhanyang Zhu, Sergey Batalov, Shimul Chowdhury, Seema Rego, James Perry, Mark Speziale, Mark Nespeca, Meredith S. Wright, Martin G. Reese, Francisco M. De La Vega, Joe Azure, Erwin Frise, Charlene Son Rigby, Sandy White, Charlotte A. Hobbs, Sheldon Gilmer, Gail Knight, Albert Oriol, Jerica Lenberg, Shareef A. Nahas, Kate Perofsky, Kyu Kim, Jeanne Carroll, Nicole G. Coufal, Erica Sanford, Kristen Wigby, Jacqueline Weir, Vicki S. Thomson, Louise Fraser, Seka S. Lazare, Yoon H. Shin, Haiying Grunenwald, Richard Lee, David Jones, Duke Tran, Andrew Gross, Patrick Daigle, Anne Case, Marisa Lue, James A. Richardson, John Reynders, Thomas Defay, Kevin P. Hall, Narayanan Veeraraghavan & Stephen F. Kingsmore
Nat Commun. 2022 Jul 26;13(1):4057. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31446-6.
While many genetic diseases have effective treatments, they frequently progress rapidly to severe morbidity or mortality if those treatments are not implemented immediately. Since front-line physicians frequently lack familiarity with these diseases, timely molecular diagnosis may not improve outcomes. Herein we describe Genome-to-Treatment, an automated, virtual system for genetic disease diagnosis and acute management guidance. Diagnosis is achieved in 13.5 h by expedited whole genome sequencing, with superior analytic performance for structural and copy number variants. An expert panel adjudicated the indications, contraindications, efficacy, and evidence-of-efficacy of 9911 drug, device, dietary, and surgical interventions for 563 severe, childhood, genetic diseases. The 421 (75%) diseases and 1527 (15%) effective interventions retained are integrated with 13 genetic disease information resources and appended to diagnostic reports (https://gtrx.radygenomiclab.com). This system provided correct diagnoses in four retrospectively and two prospectively tested infants. The Genome-to-Treatment system facilitates optimal outcomes in children with rapidly progressive genetic diseases.
PMID:35882841 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-31446-6
July 26, 2022
Newborn ScreeningRare DiseaseRPM for NICU and PICUrWGS
